Five parts of the Nervous System:
1) Peripheral Nervous System
2) The Autonomic Nervous System
3) The Nerve
4) The Neuron
5) The Central Nervous System
1) Peripheral Nervous System
2) The Autonomic Nervous System
3) The Nerve
4) The Neuron
5) The Central Nervous System
How the Peripheral Nervous System Works
By: Tahrea Sherman, Sharon Nechemia, and Wilneydi Lopez
The peripheral nervous system contains some voluntary nerves that carry instructions from your brain to your limbs. Any information that is gained from your senses is then sent back to your brain. Some of the functions of PNS include coordinating body movements and sensing danger. Two of the major nerves that make up the PNS are the cranial and spinal nerves. The cranial nerves sprout out from the brain whereas the spinal nerves come out from the spinal cord.
For more information: https://www.inkling.com/read/clinical-neuroanatomy-snell-7th/chapter-1/major-divisions-of-the
By: Tahrea Sherman, Sharon Nechemia, and Wilneydi Lopez
The peripheral nervous system contains some voluntary nerves that carry instructions from your brain to your limbs. Any information that is gained from your senses is then sent back to your brain. Some of the functions of PNS include coordinating body movements and sensing danger. Two of the major nerves that make up the PNS are the cranial and spinal nerves. The cranial nerves sprout out from the brain whereas the spinal nerves come out from the spinal cord.
For more information: https://www.inkling.com/read/clinical-neuroanatomy-snell-7th/chapter-1/major-divisions-of-the
The Autonomic Nervous System
By: Brittany Foye, Miranda Becker, and Sydnei Bathurst
The Autonomic Nervous System controls the non-voluntary body functions.
Located in the Medulla Oblongata in the lower brain stem.
Sympathetic: Neurons begin at the thoracic and lumber regions of the spine.
Parasympathetic: Neurons begin at the cranial regions of the spine.
For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system
By: Brittany Foye, Miranda Becker, and Sydnei Bathurst
The Autonomic Nervous System controls the non-voluntary body functions.
Located in the Medulla Oblongata in the lower brain stem.
Sympathetic: Neurons begin at the thoracic and lumber regions of the spine.
Parasympathetic: Neurons begin at the cranial regions of the spine.
For more information: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Autonomic_nervous_system
The Nerve
Julia Campbell, Cailin Woodruff, and Carmelita Weatherspoon
Nerves are responsible for sending electrochemical signals to and from the brain and other parts of the body. There are four main types of nerves:
-Cranial Nerves (sensory organs to the brain)
-Central Nerves (within brain and spinal cord)
-Peripheral Nerves (limbs to spinal cord)
-Autonomic (brain/spinal cord to organs).
The nerve is made up of the neuron which is the nerve cell. Without the nerves, nerve signals, or action potentials, would not reach the brain and not only nerve damage would occur, but damage to other parts of the body as well.
For more information: http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html
Julia Campbell, Cailin Woodruff, and Carmelita Weatherspoon
Nerves are responsible for sending electrochemical signals to and from the brain and other parts of the body. There are four main types of nerves:
-Cranial Nerves (sensory organs to the brain)
-Central Nerves (within brain and spinal cord)
-Peripheral Nerves (limbs to spinal cord)
-Autonomic (brain/spinal cord to organs).
The nerve is made up of the neuron which is the nerve cell. Without the nerves, nerve signals, or action potentials, would not reach the brain and not only nerve damage would occur, but damage to other parts of the body as well.
For more information: http://www.innerbody.com/image/nervov.html
The Neuron
By: Reed Collins, Gabby Callahan, and Danielle Woolley.
The neuron, or the nerve cell, is a highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical forms.
The neuron is composed of:
• Nucleus – contains chromosomes
• Dendrites – receive information from other neurons and sensory receptors
• Cell body – processes nutrients and provides energy for neuron
• Myelin sheath – insulates axon and increases communication speed
• Axon – carries information to other neurons, muscles, and glands
• Nodes of Ranvier – gaps in the myelin sheath
For more information:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain1.htm
By: Reed Collins, Gabby Callahan, and Danielle Woolley.
The neuron, or the nerve cell, is a highly specialized cell that communicates information in electrical and chemical forms.
The neuron is composed of:
• Nucleus – contains chromosomes
• Dendrites – receive information from other neurons and sensory receptors
• Cell body – processes nutrients and provides energy for neuron
• Myelin sheath – insulates axon and increases communication speed
• Axon – carries information to other neurons, muscles, and glands
• Nodes of Ranvier – gaps in the myelin sheath
For more information:
http://science.howstuffworks.com/life/inside-the-mind/human-brain/brain1.htm
The Central Nervous System
By: Tori Plante, Cassandra Umshares, and Mac Worthington.
The central nervous system is the processing center for the nervous system. It receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system. The two main organs of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord. The brain processes and interprets sensory information sent from the spinal cord. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of tissue called the meanings. Inside this is a system of hollow cavities called ventricles. The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid located within the ventricles called the choroid plexus. Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds, cushions, and protects the brain and spinal cord from trauma. It also assists in the circulation of nutrients to the brain. The brain is the control center of the body. It consists of three main components: the fore brain, the brain stem, and the hind brain. The fore brain is responsible for a variety of functions including receiving and processing sensory information, thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling motor function. It also contains the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. Most of the actual information processing in the brain takes place in the cerebral cortex. The mid brain and the hind brain together make up the brain stem. The mid brain is the portion of the brain stem that connects the hind brain and the fore brain. This region of the brain is involved in auditory and visual responses and motor functions. The hind brain extends from the spinal cord and contains structures such as the Pons and cerebellum. The hind brain also contains the medulla oblongata which is responsible for controlling such autonomic functions as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. The spinal cord is a cylindrical shaped bundle of nerve fibers that is connected to the brain. Spinal cord nerves transmit information from body organs and external stimuli to the brain and send information from the brain to other areas of the body. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. All cells of the nervous system are comprised of neurons. For more information: http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135e/central.html
By: Tori Plante, Cassandra Umshares, and Mac Worthington.
The central nervous system is the processing center for the nervous system. It receives information from and sends information to the peripheral nervous system. The two main organs of the CNS are the brain and spinal cord. The brain processes and interprets sensory information sent from the spinal cord. Both the brain and spinal cord are protected by three layers of tissue called the meanings. Inside this is a system of hollow cavities called ventricles. The ventricles are filled with cerebrospinal fluid located within the ventricles called the choroid plexus. Cerebrospinal fluid surrounds, cushions, and protects the brain and spinal cord from trauma. It also assists in the circulation of nutrients to the brain. The brain is the control center of the body. It consists of three main components: the fore brain, the brain stem, and the hind brain. The fore brain is responsible for a variety of functions including receiving and processing sensory information, thinking, perceiving, producing and understanding language, and controlling motor function. It also contains the largest part of the brain, the cerebrum. Most of the actual information processing in the brain takes place in the cerebral cortex. The mid brain and the hind brain together make up the brain stem. The mid brain is the portion of the brain stem that connects the hind brain and the fore brain. This region of the brain is involved in auditory and visual responses and motor functions. The hind brain extends from the spinal cord and contains structures such as the Pons and cerebellum. The hind brain also contains the medulla oblongata which is responsible for controlling such autonomic functions as breathing, heart rate, and digestion. The spinal cord is a cylindrical shaped bundle of nerve fibers that is connected to the brain. Spinal cord nerves transmit information from body organs and external stimuli to the brain and send information from the brain to other areas of the body. Neurons are the basic unit of the nervous system. All cells of the nervous system are comprised of neurons. For more information: http://mcb.berkeley.edu/courses/mcb135e/central.html
Multiple sclerosis: Myelin sheath covers the nerves and allows messages to be sent more clearly. In this disease, the sheath is destroyed and signals aren’t sent as well. In an acute phase (sudden, short term) it comes in flares up. Makes people stop moving or spine is affected.
Treatment: steroids to help reduce the inflammation, when it heals the Myelin sheath becomes scar tissue. This causes more flare up and more scar tissue. It cannot be completely cured.
Alzheimer: Memory loss, typically short term at first. As it progresses, they forget how to do every aspect of living. It does not kill them directly, but it causes other things. It is caused by degeneration of cerebral cortex. There is no definitive test for it, only cutting into the brain. Confirmation is usually found after death and labeled dementia.
Epilepsy: Seizures. A seizure is caused by a disruption of the electrical system of the brain. Neurons misfire in the brain. It can be triggered by certain things. Treatment is usually medication and if it is severe enough surgery can help. Marijuana is a new method to help epilepsy, in a pill form.
Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges. It’s an infection of the spinal column and the brain. The infection settles in the brain and in the fluid of the spinal column, causes severe neck and back pain, headaches, can’t move feet or hands a certain way. High spread of disease, lack of sleep and food, etc. causes college students to be targeted.
Parkinson’s disease: Dopamine aid the little transmitters go where they need to go. In this disease, there is not enough dopamine and inhibits these transmitters. Causes tremors, worse handwriting, face loses expression, can’t move as well so they shuffle. There are some medications for it, but no cures.
Huntington's Disease: Huntington's disease is an inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington's disease has a broad impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders. Behavior changes may occur before movement problems, and can include: behavioral disturbances, hallucinations, irritability, moodiness, restlessness or fidgeting, paranoia, psychosis, etc.
Bell's Palsy: Bell's palsy is a disorder of the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face. This nerve is called the facial or 7th cranial nerve. Damage to this nerve causes weakness or paralysis of these muscles. Symptoms vary such as difficulty closing one eyes, eating and drinking, drooling because of lack of control over muscles of the face, etc.
Encephalitis: Encephalitis is irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the brain, most often due to infections. Encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection. When a case of encephalitis is not very severe, the symptoms may be similar to those of other illnesses, including: fever that is not very high, mild headache, low energy and a poor appetite, etc.
TIA: A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is when blood flow to a part of the brain stops for a brief period of time. A person will have stroke -like symptoms for up to 24 hours, but in most cases for 1 - 2 hours. A TIA is felt to be a warning sign that a true stroke may happen in the future if something is not done to prevent it. Some symptoms are confusion or loss of memory, difficulty swallowing, difficulty writing or reading, drooping of the face, inability to recognize objects or people, etc.
Poliomyelitis: Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. The virus spreads by: Direct person-to-person contact, contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth, contact with infected feces. Symptoms are: general discomfort, headache, red throat, slight fever, sore throat, vomiting, etc.
Treatment: steroids to help reduce the inflammation, when it heals the Myelin sheath becomes scar tissue. This causes more flare up and more scar tissue. It cannot be completely cured.
Alzheimer: Memory loss, typically short term at first. As it progresses, they forget how to do every aspect of living. It does not kill them directly, but it causes other things. It is caused by degeneration of cerebral cortex. There is no definitive test for it, only cutting into the brain. Confirmation is usually found after death and labeled dementia.
Epilepsy: Seizures. A seizure is caused by a disruption of the electrical system of the brain. Neurons misfire in the brain. It can be triggered by certain things. Treatment is usually medication and if it is severe enough surgery can help. Marijuana is a new method to help epilepsy, in a pill form.
Meningitis: inflammation of the meninges. It’s an infection of the spinal column and the brain. The infection settles in the brain and in the fluid of the spinal column, causes severe neck and back pain, headaches, can’t move feet or hands a certain way. High spread of disease, lack of sleep and food, etc. causes college students to be targeted.
Parkinson’s disease: Dopamine aid the little transmitters go where they need to go. In this disease, there is not enough dopamine and inhibits these transmitters. Causes tremors, worse handwriting, face loses expression, can’t move as well so they shuffle. There are some medications for it, but no cures.
Huntington's Disease: Huntington's disease is an inherited disease that causes the progressive breakdown (degeneration) of nerve cells in the brain. Huntington's disease has a broad impact on a person's functional abilities and usually results in movement, thinking (cognitive) and psychiatric disorders. Behavior changes may occur before movement problems, and can include: behavioral disturbances, hallucinations, irritability, moodiness, restlessness or fidgeting, paranoia, psychosis, etc.
Bell's Palsy: Bell's palsy is a disorder of the nerve that controls movement of the muscles in the face. This nerve is called the facial or 7th cranial nerve. Damage to this nerve causes weakness or paralysis of these muscles. Symptoms vary such as difficulty closing one eyes, eating and drinking, drooling because of lack of control over muscles of the face, etc.
Encephalitis: Encephalitis is irritation and swelling (inflammation) of the brain, most often due to infections. Encephalitis is most often caused by a viral infection. When a case of encephalitis is not very severe, the symptoms may be similar to those of other illnesses, including: fever that is not very high, mild headache, low energy and a poor appetite, etc.
TIA: A transient ischemic attack (TIA) is when blood flow to a part of the brain stops for a brief period of time. A person will have stroke -like symptoms for up to 24 hours, but in most cases for 1 - 2 hours. A TIA is felt to be a warning sign that a true stroke may happen in the future if something is not done to prevent it. Some symptoms are confusion or loss of memory, difficulty swallowing, difficulty writing or reading, drooping of the face, inability to recognize objects or people, etc.
Poliomyelitis: Poliomyelitis is a viral disease that can affect nerves and can lead to partial or full paralysis. The virus spreads by: Direct person-to-person contact, contact with infected mucus or phlegm from the nose or mouth, contact with infected feces. Symptoms are: general discomfort, headache, red throat, slight fever, sore throat, vomiting, etc.
Below is a pamphlet on certain information on Alzheimer's Disease. It has detail for those who want to know more on the serious disease:
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001777/#adam_000773.disease.symptomshttp://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmedhealth/PMH0001775/